Augmented Reality (AR) Learning: Improving Students Memory in Science Learning at the Elementary School Level

Authors

  • Nurul Athiyah UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid
  • Nala Ni’matul Maula UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid
  • Abdul Khobir UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid
  • Juwita Rini UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56630/mes.v3i2.273

Keywords:

Augmented Reality (AR), Improving Students Memory, Science Learning, Elementary School

Abstract

Education as one of the fields that is also affected, adapts to the rapid advancement of technology, ranging from curriculum changes to the use of various learning resources and technology-based learning media. One of the innovations that has emerged is the use of Augmented Reality (AR) as a learning medium. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of AR in improving students' memory of learning materials.  The method used in this study is the Kurl Lewin model action learning research method with a qualitative experimental approach that positions teachers to play an active role in implementing learning problem-solving interventions that occur in the learning of grade V students of SD Negeri Panjang Wetan 03 Pekalongan. The findings of this study show that AR media can facilitate students in understanding and remembering science material. In addition, AR is also effective in describing abstract concepts that are difficult to practice or observe directly. The implications of this research can be the basis for educators, policy makers, and learning media developers to implement AR technology more widely in the learning process, in order to improve the quality of education and enrich the learning experience of students.

References

Akçayır, M., Akçayır, G., Pektaş, H. M., & Ocak, M. A. (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students’ laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Computers in Human Behavior, 57(2), 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054

Al-Hail, M., Zguir, M. F., & Koç, M. (2023). University students’ and educators’ perceptions on the use of digital and social media platforms: A sentiment analysis and a multi-country review. IScience, 26(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107322

Amir, M. F., Fediyanto, N., Rudyanto, H. E., Afifah, D. S. N., & Tortop, H. S. (2020). Elementary students’ perceptions of 3Dmetric: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon, 6(6), 4352–4377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04052

Annetta, L. A., Newton, M. H., Franco, Y., Johnson, A., & Bressler, D. (2024). Examining reading proficiency and science learning using mixed reality in elementary school science. Computers & Education: X Reality, 5(12), 26547–26559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2024.100086

Arici, F., Yildirim, P., Caliklar, Ş., & Yilmaz, R. M. (2019). Research trends in the use of augmented reality in science education: Content and bibliometric mapping analysis. Computers & Education, 142(2), 434–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103647

Bakkiyaraj, M., Kavitha, G., Krishnan, G. S., & Kumar, S. (2021). Impact of Augmented Reality on learning Fused Deposition Modeling based 3D printing Augmented Reality for skill development. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2464–2471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.664

Chang, S.-C., & Hwang, G.-J. (2018). Impacts of an augmented reality-based flipped learning guiding approach on students’ scientific project performance and perceptions. Computers & Education, 125(2), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.007

Chen, C.-H., Lee, I.-J., & Lin, L.-Y. (2016). Augmented reality-based video-modeling storybook of nonverbal facial cues for children with autism spectrum disorder to improve their perceptions and judgments of facial expressions and emotions. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(3), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.033

Chen, C.-M., & Tsai, Y.-N. (2012). Interactive augmented reality system for enhancing library instruction in elementary schools. Computers & Education, 59(2), 638–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.001

Chen, L. (2022). Facilitating teacher learning in professional learning communities through action research: A qualitative case study in China. Teaching and Teacher Education, 119(2), 583–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103875

Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). Students’ online interactive patterns in augmented reality-based inquiry activities. Computers & Education, 78(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.006

Cortes, S. T., Lorca, A. S., Pineda, H. A., & Lobrigas, M. R. S. (2025). Does training improve the action research skills of STEM teachers? Examining the mediating roles of attitude and knowledge. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11(1), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101231

Deshpande, A., & Kim, I. (2018). The effects of augmented reality on improving spatial problem solving for object assembly. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 38(3), 760–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2018.10.004

Ferdiman, B., Akbar, H. Al, Faturrahman, M. R., & Maulana, F. I. (2023). Development of Augmented Reality Application in Physics through Newton’s Laws and Object Interaction. Procedia Computer Science, 699–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.574

Gargrish, S., Mantri, A., & Kaur, D. P. (2020). Augmented Reality-Based Learning Environment to Enhance Teaching-Learning Experience in Geometry Education. Procedia Computer Science, 1039–1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.152

Giorgio, A. de, Monetti, F. M., Maffei, A., Romero, M., & Wang, L. (2023). Adopting extended reality? A systematic review of manufacturing training and teaching applications. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 71(2), 645–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2023.10.016

Gunawan, A., Wiranto, N., & Wu, D. (2023). Application of virtual reality in diverse fields of study in education sector: a systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 948–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.602

Haider, S., Air, E., Kou, Z., & Rock, J. (2024). Anatomic Review in 3D Augmented Reality Alters Craniotomy Planning Among Residents. World Neurosurgery, 184(4), e524–e529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.163

Hancock, D. R., Algozzine, B., & Lim, J. H. (2021). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Teachers College Press.

Haneda, M., Madany-Saa, M., Teemant, A., & Sherman, B. (2024). Tensions in school context and teacher praxis in equity-oriented professional learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 140(4), 6835–6855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104480

Harjana, M. N. S., Saputra, H. Y., & Tho, C. (2023). A Review of the Potential Use of Mixed Reality Learning Methods in Comparison to Traditional Learning Methods. Procedia Computer Science, 734–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.578

Huang, T.-C., Chen, C.-C., & Chou, Y.-W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education, 96(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008

Ibáñez, M.-B., & Delgado-Kloos, C. (2018). Augmented reality for STEM learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 123(1), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.002

Kao, G. Y.-M., & Ruan, C.-A. (2022). Designing and evaluating a high interactive augmented reality system for programming learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 132(1), 124–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107245

Latif, J. J. K., Triputra, A. A., Kesuma, M. A., & Maulana, F. I. (2023). Design and Development a Virtual Planetarium Learning Media Using Augmented Reality. Procedia Computer Science, 726–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.577

Lee, J., An, T., Chu, H.-E., Hong, H.-G., & Martin, S. N. (2023). Improving Science Conceptual Understanding and Attitudes in Elementary Science Classes through the Development and Application of a Rule-Based AI Chatbot. Asia-Pacific Science Education, 9(2), 365–412. https://doi.org/10.1163/23641177-bja10070

Li, J., Zheng, Z., Chai, Y., Li, X., & Wei, X. (2023). FaceMe: An agent-based social game using augmented reality for the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 175(7), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103032

Lin, C.-Y., Chai, H.-C., Wang, J., Chen, C.-J., Liu, Y.-H., Chen, C.-W., Lin, C.-W., & Huang, Y.-M. (2016). Augmented reality in educational activities for children with disabilities. Displays, 42(1), 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2015.02.004

Lin, C.-Y., & Chang, Y.-M. (2015). Interactive augmented reality using Scratch 2.0 to improve physical activities for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 37(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.016

Lin, X.-F., Luo, G., Luo, S., Liu, J., Chan, K. K., Chen, H., Zhou, W., & Li, Z. (2024). Promoting pre-service teachers’ learning performance and perceptions of inclusive education: An augmented reality-based training through learning by design approach. Teaching and Teacher Education, 148(2), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104661

Lin, X., Song, J., An, M., & Li, Z. (2024). The Application of Computer Augmented Reality Technology to Landscape Design. Procedia Computer Science, 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.025

Liono, R. A., Amanda, N., Pratiwi, A., & Gunawan, A. A. S. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review: Learning with Visual by The Help of Augmented Reality Helps Students Learn Better. Procedia Computer Science, 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.12.019

Mahr, D., Heller, J., & Ruyter, K. de. (2023). Augmented reality (AR): The blurring of reality in human-computer interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 145(1), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107755

Mydin, A.-A., Xia, Y., & Long, Y. (2024). Professional learning communities and their impact on teacher performance: Empirical evidence from public primary schools in Guiyang. Teaching and Teacher Education, 148(2), 505–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104715

Nincarean, D., Alia, M. B., Halim, N. D. A., & Rahman, M. H. A. (2013). Mobile Augmented Reality: The Potential for Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 657–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.385

Oranç, C., & Küntay, A. C. (2019). Learning from the real and the virtual worlds: Educational use of augmented reality in early childhood. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 21(1), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2019.06.002

Park, S., & Stangl, B. (2020). Augmented reality experiences and sensation seeking. Tourism Management, 77(1), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104023

Pujiastuti, H., & Haryadi, R. (2024). The Effectiveness of Using Augmented Reality on the Geometry Thinking Ability of Junior High School Students. Procedia Computer Science, 1738–1745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.03.180

Putra, K. I., Dawa, P. J. L., Burgos, Y. D., & Maulana, F. I. (2023). Implementation of Augmented Reality in Study for Human Anatomy. Procedia Computer Science, 709–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.575

Rusli, R., Nalanda, D. A., Tarmidi, A. D. V., Suryaningrum, K. M., & Yunanda, R. (2023). Augmented reality for studying hands on the human body for elementary school students. Procedia Computer Science, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.132

Sahin, D., & Yilmaz, R. M. (2020). The effect of Augmented Reality Technology on middle school students’ achievements and attitudes towards science education. Computers & Education, 144(1), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103710

Sahu, M., Gupta, R., Ambasta, R. K., & Kumar, P. (2024). IoT-driven augmented reality and virtual reality systems in neurological sciences. Internet of Things, 25(1), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2024.101098

Salmi, H., Kaasinen, A., & Kallunki, V. (2012). Towards an Open Learning Environment via Augmented Reality (AR): Visualising the Invisible in Science Centres and Schools for Teacher Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.565

Sato, M., & Kitamura, Y. (2023). Current status of climate change education and suggestions for its integrative development in Japan. IATSS Research, 47(2), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.002

Shim, J. (2023). Investigating the effectiveness of introducing virtual reality to elementary school students’ moral education. Computers & Education: X Reality, 2(January), 100010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2023.100010

Sikström, P., Valentini, C., Sivunen, A., & Kärkkäinen, T. (2024). Pedagogical agents communicating and scaffolding students’ learning: High school teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Computers & Education, 222(1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105140

Sommerauer, P., & Müller, O. (2014). Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition. Computers & Education, 79(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013

Suchyadi, Y., Sundari, S. F., Sutisna, E., Sunardi, O., Budiana, S., Sukmanasa, E., & Windiyani, T. (2020). Improving the ability of elementary school teachers through the development of competency based assessment instruments in teacher working group , north bogor city. Journal of Community Engagement (JCE), 2(01), 01–05. https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jce/article/view/2742

Tirado-Morueta, R., Berlanga-Fernández, I., Vales-Villamarín, H., Guzmán-Franco, D., Duarte-Hueros, A., & Aguaded-Gómez, J. I. (2020). Understanding the engagement of elementary school students in one-to-one iPad programs using an adaptation of self-system model of motivational development. Computers in Human Behavior, 105(4), 1035–1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106224

Ullah, M., Amin, S. U., Munsif, M., Yamin, M. M., Safaev, U., Khan, H., Khan, S., & Ullah, H. (2022). Serious games in science education: a systematic literature. Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, 4(3), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vrih.2022.02.001

Upadhyay, B., Brady, C., Madathil, K. C., Bertrand, J., McNeese, N. J., & Gramopadhye, A. (2024). Collaborative augmented reality in higher education: A systematic review of effectiveness, outcomes, and challenges. Applied Ergonomics, 121(11), 48769–48788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104360

Villena-Taranilla, R., Tirado-Olivares, S., Cózar-Gutiérrez, R., & González-Calero, J. A. (2022). Effects of virtual reality on learning outcomes in K-6 education: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 35(1), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100434

Wang, J. C., & Wang, T. H. (2023). Learning effectiveness of energy education in junior high schools: Implementation of action research and the predict–observe–explain model to STEM course. Heliyon, 9(3), 6386–6398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14058

Wang, X., Young, G. W., Plechatá, A., Guckin, C. M., & Makransky, G. (2023). Utilizing virtual reality to assist social competence education and social support for children from under-represented backgrounds. Computers & Education, 201(1), 54–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104815

Wei, X., Weng, D., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2015). Teaching based on augmented reality for a technical creative design course. Computers & Education, 81(1), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.017

Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers & Education, 62(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024

Yamin, P. A. R., Park, J., & Kim, H. K. (2024). In-vehicle human–machine interface guidelines for augmented reality head-up displays: A review, guideline formulation, and future research directions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 104(7), 266–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.06.001

Yang, F.-C. O., Lai, H.-M., & Wang, Y.-W. (2023). Effect of augmented reality-based virtual educational robotics on programming students’ enjoyment of learning, computational thinking skills, and academic achievement. Computers & Education, 195(2), 873–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104721

Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H., & Wu, M. (2013). Augmented Reality in the Higher Education: Students’ Science Concept Learning and Academic Achievement in Astronomy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.322

Yilmaz, K. (2013). Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research traditions: Epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences. European Journal of Education, 48(2), 311–325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12014

Downloads

Published

2024-12-28

How to Cite

Nurul Athiyah, Nala Ni’matul Maula, Abdul Khobir, & Juwita Rini. (2024). Augmented Reality (AR) Learning: Improving Students Memory in Science Learning at the Elementary School Level. Madako Elementary School, 3(2), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.56630/mes.v3i2.273

Issue

Section

Articles